The last frost date is a key milestone in any gardener’s calendar. Once nighttime temperatures stabilize and the risk of frost has passed, your planting options expand dramatically. Late spring is the ideal time to transition from cool-season crops to warm-season vegetables, herbs, and flowers that thrive in longer days and warmer soil.
In this guide, you’ll learn what to plant after the frost date, how to prepare your garden, and what to avoid to ensure a productive and vibrant growing season.
Understanding the Frost Date
The last frost date refers to the average date of the final spring frost in your region. This varies based on local climate and elevation, but you can determine your frost date by referencing regional planting charts or historical weather data.
Once this date passes, soil temperatures begin to rise above 50–60°F, making it safe to plant tender crops that would otherwise be damaged by cold.
Why Timing Matters
Planting too early can result in:
- Stunted growth
- Root shock or slow germination
- Frost-damaged or dead plants
Waiting until after the last frost date ensures:
- Warm, workable soil
- Faster germination and root development
- Greater resistance to pests and diseases
This timing gives your plants the best chance to establish quickly and produce abundantly.
Vegetables to Plant After the Frost Date
Warm-season vegetables cannot tolerate frost and need consistent heat to grow. Here are some top choices to plant in late spring:
1. Tomatoes
- Plant type: Transplant
- Soil temp: 60–70°F
- Tips: Choose determinate or indeterminate types based on space and harvest goals.
2. Peppers (Bell and Hot)
- Plant type: Transplant
- Soil temp: 65–75°F
- Tips: Mulch to retain heat and moisture; stake if needed.
3. Cucumbers
- Plant type: Direct sow or transplant
- Soil temp: 70°F minimum
- Tips: Provide trellises for vining types to save space.
4. Squash (Zucchini and Summer Squash)
- Plant type: Direct sow
- Soil temp: 65–70°F
- Tips: Harvest young for best flavor and to encourage production.
5. Beans (Bush and Pole)
- Plant type: Direct sow
- Soil temp: 60–70°F
- Tips: Avoid planting in wet soil to prevent rot.
6. Corn
- Plant type: Direct sow
- Soil temp: 60°F or warmer
- Tips: Plant in blocks for proper pollination.
7. Melons (Cantaloupe, Watermelon)
- Plant type: Direct sow or transplant
- Soil temp: 70°F+
- Tips: Requires full sun and warm nights.
8. Eggplant
- Plant type: Transplant
- Soil temp: 70–85°F
- Tips: Needs consistent warmth; do not rush planting.
9. Okra
- Plant type: Direct sow
- Soil temp: 70–90°F
- Tips: Soak seeds before planting to improve germination.
10. Pumpkins
- Plant type: Direct sow
- Soil temp: 70°F+
- Tips: Allow plenty of space for vining types.
Herbs to Plant After the Frost Date
Many tender herbs flourish in late spring when temperatures stay above 50°F at night.
- Basil: Warm-loving and frost-sensitive
- Dill: Fast-growing and good for succession planting
- Cilantro: Bolts quickly in heat—plant in part shade or succession sow
- Parsley: Can be planted early but thrives in spring and early summer
- Oregano, Thyme, and Sage: Hardy perennials that love full sun
Plant herbs near vegetables to enhance growth, flavor, and pest control.
Flowers to Plant After Frost
Late spring is perfect for annual flowers that bring color, pollinators, and pest protection to your garden.
- Zinnias: Quick-blooming and easy to grow from seed
- Marigolds: Deter pests and add vibrant color
- Cosmos: Pollinator-friendly and low maintenance
- Sunflowers: Attract beneficial insects and offer edible seeds
- Nasturtiums: Edible blooms that repel aphids and squash bugs
Choose flowers with similar soil and sun requirements to your vegetables for companion planting.
What Not to Plant Immediately After Frost
While frost danger has passed, cool-season crops such as:
- Lettuce
- Spinach
- Radishes
- Broccoli
may not perform well in warming soil. They are better suited for early spring or late summer planting due to their tendency to bolt or decline in hot weather.
Tips for Post-Frost Gardening Success
- Harden off seedlings: Acclimate indoor-grown plants to outdoor conditions over 5–7 days before transplanting.
- Amend the soil: Add compost or aged manure to replenish nutrients after spring crops.
- Mulch: Helps retain soil moisture and control temperature fluctuations.
- Water deeply and early: Morning watering prevents disease and keeps roots cool.
- Watch the weather: Although frost has likely passed, unexpected cold snaps can still occur. Keep row covers or cloths handy just in case.
Sample Planting Timeline (Based on Frost-Free Zone)
| Week After Last Frost | What to Plant |
|---|---|
| Week 1–2 | Beans, squash, basil, dill, cucumbers |
| Week 3–4 | Tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, melons |
| Week 5+ | Pumpkins, okra, sunflowers, late-season corn |
Adjust based on your local climate and USDA hardiness zone.
Conclusion: Make the Most of Late Spring
Planting after the frost date marks the official start of the warm-season garden. With the right timing, preparation, and plant selection, this window allows you to grow flavorful vegetables, aromatic herbs, and vibrant flowers that thrive in summer conditions.
Use this guide to map out your late spring planting strategy and ensure every space in your garden is productive and purposeful. Whether you’re starting from seed or transplanting hardened seedlings, now is the time to plant for abundance, resilience, and beauty.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the last frost date and how do I find mine?
The last frost date is the average date of the final spring frost in your region. Check local agricultural extensions or USDA climate zone data.
Is it safe to plant all vegetables after the frost date?
Yes, but only warm-season crops should be planted. Cool-season crops may bolt or underperform in rising temperatures.
Can I plant herbs directly in the garden now?
Most herbs can be directly sown or transplanted after the frost date, especially basil, dill, and cilantro.
Do I still need to protect plants after the frost date?
In most regions, no. However, in areas prone to unpredictable spring weather, keep frost cloths available for sudden cold nights.
How should I prepare the soil for post-frost planting?
Loosen soil, mix in compost or organic fertilizer, and ensure it drains well before planting.